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Inaccessible Island is an extinct volcano (last active six million years ago) with Cairn Peak reaching 449 m. The island is in area, rising out of the South Atlantic Ocean south-west of Tristan da Cunha. It is part of the archipelago of Tristan da Cunha which is part of the overseas territory of the United Kingdom known as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Along with Gough Island, Inaccessible Island is a protected wildlife reserve and both make up the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Gough and Inaccessible Islands. ==History== Inaccessible Island was discovered in January 1656 during a voyage by '' 't Nachtglas'', a Dutch ship under the command of Jan Jacobszoon, 146 years after Tristan da Cunha was first sighted by Portuguese sailors. Jacobszoon originally named it "Nachtglas" island. There are two explanations for the name "Inaccessible" island. One is that on maps the newly found island was referred to as "inaccessible" because the Dutch crew who landed were not able to reach its interior.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of Inaccessible Island, South Atlantic Ocean )〕 The other claims that French captain d'Etcheverry renamed the island in 1778 after not being able to land.〔〔Édouard Ducéré, ''Histoire maritime de Bayonne: Les corsaires sous la̓ncien régime'' (Bayonne, 1895:307-24) reproduces the sieur d'Etcheverry's manuscript narrative of his voyage to Moluccas in 1770 in the ''Etoile du Matin'' and mentions a second voyage in 1772.〕 In 1803, US sealers led by Amasa Delano made landfall on the island.〔 In 1816 the island was settled by Corporal William Glass and his family who brought domestic animals with them. The Stoltenhoff brothers, who arrived on Inaccessible from Germany in 1871, lived there for several years intending to make a living sealing and selling their wares to passing traders (forgetting how infrequently Inaccessible had visitors). However, due to the scarcity of food, they were "overjoyed" to be rescued in 1873 during HMS ''Challenger'''s visit to examine the flora and fauna there.〔''A Naturalist on the "Challenger"'', H. N. Moseley. Page 116. Macmillan and Co., 1879. Fetched from (archive.org ) on 3 June 2009.〕 The South African author Eric Rosenthal chronicled the Stoltenhoffs' adventure in 1952.〔Rosenthal, Eric (1952) ''Shelter from the Spray'', Cape Town, South Africa: Howard Timmins〕 The nearby Stoltenhoff Island is named after the brothers. In 1922, the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition's ship, the ''Quest'', stopped by Inaccessible briefly, and on-board naturalist Hubert Wilkins discovered a bird later named (after him) the Wilkins bunting (''Nesospiza wilkinsi''). In 1938, the Norwegian Scientific Expedition spent three weeks on the island, during which time they managed to gain access to the plateau and extensively catalogued plants, birds, and rocks. Another attempt at mapping the island was made during the Royal Society's expedition of 1962 to Tristan da Cunha, which took scientists to Inaccessible Island. Like many other explorers before them, the scientists were not able to reach the interior of the island. Inaccessible Island was declared a nature reserve under the Tristan da Cunha Conservation Ordinance of 1976. Tristan islanders, however, were still permitted to harvest seabirds from the island. In a 1982 expedition (October 16, 1982 – February 10, 1983), students and faculty of Denstone College made detailed maps of the island, studied its flora, fauna, and geology, and carried out a marking programme on more than 3,000 birds.〔''Denstone Expedition to Inaccessible Island'': ''Denstonian'' Supplement (Autumn 1983), page 2.〕 In 1997, Inaccessible Island's territorial waters out to 22 km (12 nmi) were declared a nature reserve under the Tristan da Cunha Conservation Ordinance of 1976. Currently, only guides from Tristan are allowed to take visiting cruise ships to Inaccessible; indeed, most trips to the island are now made at the request of expatriates. In 2004 Inaccessible Island was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Gough Island to create a new site of Gough and Inaccessible Islands. It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Inaccessible Island」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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